Telephone-transmitter.



W. KAISLING. TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 15, 1906.

I Patented N0v.10,1908. 2 SHEETB-QHBET 8.

. nois,

UNITED STATES PAIEND'OFFICE.

WILLIAM KAISLING, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO MILO G. KELLOGG, OF CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS.

TELEPHONE-TRANSMITTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 10, 1908.

Application filed March 15, 1906. Serial No. 306,239.

Too-ll whom 'it may concern:

Be t known that I, WVILLIAM KAISLING, a

citizen of the United States, and resident of I Chica 0, county of Cook, and State of Illi- Eavc invented a new and useful Improvement in .Telephone-Transmitters, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to telephone trai'ismitters of the so-called granular type in which a body of finely divided carbon or similar-material constitutes the resistanceva'rying medium of the telephone circuit. In such transmitters, the granular substame is disposed [between suitable electrodes and is caused to vary its resistance in substantial accordance with the movements of the sound-receiving diapl'u'agm. Hitherto, transmitters of this type have been employed in which the sound-receiving diaphragm has been provided with an electrode capableof a piston-like action upon the resistance varying medium contained between it and a .bulk carried by the sound-receiving diaphragm, or be contained in a rigidly mounted cup, the presence of the auxiliary diaphragm necessarily distorts 'the form of the 1mpressed sound wave or its effect on the resistance-varying medium. 7

The object of my invention is to reduce and simplify the number of parts, so as to more perfectly reproducespeech, and to se cure at the same time .a reduction in the cost of manufacture. To. this end, I omit.

entirely the supplemental membrane or dia-' phragm ot' the art, rigidly connect the center of the soundereceiving diaphragm with the frame of the transmitter while restraining its periphery from free vibration, and include the resistanee-varying m'atcnial in a chamber formed by a .cup rigidly attached to the sound-receiving diaphragm, preferably'at its point of greatest amplitude of vibration, whereby the resistance; varying medium thus inclosed in the chamber caused, with a minim um number of moving parts, to vary its resistance morenearly in exact accordance with the sound waves impressed upon the diaphragm. An initial exure or bias is given to the diaphragm either by means of springs bearing there against, or by drawing its center slightly out of the plane extending througlrits pi 'iph: cry, and the peripheral walls of the cup are preferably inclined to the plane of the diaphragm, so as to enable its connection thcreto at a point some distance from its center, while at the same, time employing electrodes of relatively small diameter and' a small mass of the-granular material.

The various features and objects of the invention will be more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and the scope of the invention will be particularly pointed out in .the appended claims.

Figure 1 of said drawing is a sectional vie-w of a transmitter constructed in accordance with the invention: Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the diaphragm and its attached ranule cup; Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the principal parts of the trans mitter; Fig. 4 isa rear view of the transmitter with parts broken away for clearance: Figs. 5 and 6 are sections of modified diaphragm and cup constructions in which tlc front and rear electrodes, respectively. of Fig. l are omitted: Figs. 7 and S are sectional views of complete tran mitters cmliioi'lying other modifications; Fig. 9 is a rear view similar to Fig. -l, illustrating modified biasing s rings; and Figs. 10 and 11 are sectiona views similar to Figs. 5 and [3. illustrating difi'erent arrangements of concentric electrodes.

Referring to the drawing in'detail, and

more particularly to Figs. 1 to -l inclusive. it

will be noted that the frame, by which the parts of the transmitter are supported, is made up of a. circular front plate 10 of the usual construction, provided with a central threaded opcningfor the reception of the mouth-piece l1, and-a bridge 'll secured to a peripheral flange 13 upon the front plate 10 by screws 14, the flange also forming a seat for the reception of the usual cover or shell 15. Lying within the space between the front plate 10 and the bridge 12 is the sound diaphragm 16, which consists of a plane am.- of aluminum or other suitable material provided with a central opening by which it is attached to-the stem 17 by a screw 18, whose shank extends through said opening and is screwed into the stem 17. The screw 18 and the stem 17 are insulated from the diaphragm 16 by means of the bushing 19 and washers' 2O and 21. By this means, the center of the. sound idiaphragm 16 is rigidly secured to the stem 17 and the latter, by being in turn rigidly secured to the bridge 12, maintains the center of the sound diaphragm fixed. The connection between the stem li and the bridge 12 is provided by extending the stem through an apertured block 22 which is firmly secured to the bridge by the screws 23. -The block 22 is provided with a set screw.24 which is adapted. to engage the stem 17 to hold the latter in its adjusted position. The block 22 is suitably insulated from the bridge 12 by the insulation The chamber for the granular material is formed on the face of the diaphragm 16 by means of a cup 26, which is mechanically and electrically connected thereto bymeans of suitable rivets 27. The peripheral wall or walls of this cup are preferably inclined to the plane of the diaphragm, as illustrated, and a screw 28 is located in the. bottom of the cup, with its shank extending through an opening therein and secured in place by a suitable nut 29. The screws 18 and 28 preferably have secured to their opposing faces hard carbon disks 29 and 30 which constitute the back and front electrodes,

res ectively, of the transmitter.- A body 31 of suitable granular material, 'such as finely divided carbon, partially fills the chamber formed between the cup 26 and the adjacent portion of the diaphragm 16. It is desirable, inorder to prevent the acking of this material, to employ a re atively small amount,

and it is also desirable to. have it extend well around the fixed electrode. By the inclined eripheral wall of the cup 26, I am enabled to accomplish these results and 'to obtain a good circulation of the granular material.

In the design of telephone transmitters, it is preferable to give the diaphra an initia flexure or bias, in order to galn the full advantage of the resiliency of the material of which it-is composed. It is also desirable to damp the diaphragm to prevent its vibrating unduly at its natural period. In the form of 'the'invention illustrated in Fig. 1, this is accomplished by means of the leafspring t e neighborhood 0 the rivets 27, where its amplitude of vibration is approximately a 1 opening, through which the stem 17 extends.

It is insulated from other conductin parts b means of the fia ed washer 33. 1e (lies p 'agm 16 is provi ed at its peri hery with the usual soft rubber ring34, wiich bears a inst a peripheral bearing surface on the pate 10, and thereby practically holds this portion .of the diaphra' ment. From this, it will e seen that I have 40, secured to the flange 13 of t 32 whichenigages the diaphragm in' stri 'whl'ch is secured in the manner heretofore against move-J a sound diaphragm which is substantially fixed at both. its periphery and center. The. block 22, through. which the stem 17 extends, is provided. with a terminal binding screw 35 which is electrically connected to the electrode 30 through the block 22, stem 17 and screw 18. The bridge 12 carries a binding post 36, suit-ably insulated therefrom by the insulation 37 and connected to the dia. phragm 16 by a suitable conductor, such as; the flexible strip 38. As illustrated, this connection may be made at one of the rivet 27. The circuit between the binding post :16 and the electrode 29 is completed through the strip 38, the sound diaphragm 16, the

cup 26 and the screw 28.

In operation, the sound waves impinge upon the diaphragm, and the resistancevarying material or medium containedin the chamber is caused thereby to alter its resistance between the two electrodes in substantial accordance "with the sound waves impressed upon the diaphragm. On account of the almost entire elimlna-t-ion of intermediate parts, the resistance variations thus impressed upon the resistance-varying material are believed to be more nearly in exact accordance with the sound wave vibrations than can be secured with the structures hitherto known.

In carrying .out my invention, it will be apparent that many alterations may be made in the structure hereinLdesori-bed without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention. For instance, instead of employing a single leaf-spring, such as the spring 32, to give the sound receiving diaphragm its initial bias .and to restrain it from undue vibration, I may employ two s rings 39and' e front plate 1.0 and resting, at their free ends, upon the diaphragm 16, as illustrated in Fig. 9, in this instance the springs being insulated from the diaphragm by suitable insulating '7 pads 4.1. The same efi'ect may also be given to the diaphragm without the employment in igs. 7 and 8, where the flange 13 of Fig. 1 is replaced by a flange 42, carried by the bridge 12 and having an overhangingportion 43 adapted to positively engage the rear side of the'diaphragm 16 while being insu lated therefrom by a suitable insulating The center of the diaphragm,

described, is drawn rearward and held in position by the set screw 24 extending through the block 22 into engagement with .ofs rings. .Suchaconstruction is illustrated the stem 17.- By means of this set screw,

the extent of the bias or' flexure of the diaphragm may be varied. In this instance, he bloc-ls 22' is smured to the bridge ,12'hy means of a nut 45 engaging the forward end of its shank, and is suitably insulated therefrom by means of insulation 46. This block tit) is electrically connected to a binding post 47 by a conducting strip 48, and the diaphragm It) is eleetri(tally-connected to a second binding post 4!) by a similar conducting strip 50. In this instance, the rivets 27, by which the cup 26 is attached to the diaphragm, also extend through a ring 51.

linder some circumstances, it may be de sirable to give the diaphragm 16 a fixed tlexure. without adjustment. In Fig. 8 I have illustrated such a construction. In this instance. the shank of the screw 18 is long enough to extend completely through the bridge 12. A spacing block 52 extends between the rear face of the diaphragm and the front face of the bridge: and by means of the nut 32-}. the parts may be firmly and permanently clamped to the bridge. In this case, the electrical connections are the same as in Fig. T. while the ring 51 and rivets 27 of said figure are replaced by a ring 51 I which has the rivet projections 27 formed integral therewith. This construction is preferably obtained by compressing a blank ri o between suitable dies. and, by its use.

a reat saving of time in assembling the arts' is obtained. .\t this point. it may be stated that. by reason of the initial bias given to the sound diaphragm. the variation in resistanc of the carb n granules. due to hea "ausetl by the. current flowing therethrough. is counteracted by the relative unweincnt ot' the clcctrtules. due to the heating o'l' the diaphragm and attached cup. For example. referring to the. transmitter illustrated in Fig. ,1. in using the instrumen at til-st the granular material 31 between the ele trodes 29 and 30 will offer a given resistance. As the use is continued. this body to" material and the adjacent parts become heated. The heating of the grannlar m'ass tends to decrease its resistance. while the heating of the adjacent portions of the diaphragm lti and cup 26 tends to evpand the metal of which-they ale coinposed. thereby separating the electrodes 29' and slightly and increasing the resistance of the bodt of granular material; In this way. one etl'ect is largely or wholly neutralized bv the other. and the resistance of the granular mass is n'iaintained more nearlv constant. and this is true for lines of \tll'Y- ing resistances in= connection with which similar instruun-nts are =nscd. be apparent that the electrodes of Fig. 1 may be modified considerably. For exam ple, the diaphragm itself may serve as a rear ele trode. as illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case. the stem 17" has its forward end reduced so as to form a rivet by which it is --oinie(-te(l to, the diaphragm 16. Preferably. the portion ofthe diaphragm opposite the electrodeBO is polished and plated with gold or platinum. while the cup 26*is made somewhat shallower than the cup 26 of Fig.

.cts 27.

It will also l in order to maintain the proper electrode separation, and is also spaced slightly vfrom the periphery of said electrode so as to leare a circular place for the circulation of The cup 26 is also the granular material. insulated from the diaphragi'n 16. but electrically connected to the ring 51 by the riv- In using this construction in the. frame of Fig. 1. com'tection is-established with the binding post -36 by the strip 35. as heretofore described.

In Fig. ti. the cup 26" serves as the front electrode and has its electrode surface preterably polished and plated with gold or platinum. similarly to that of the diaphragm It) of Fig 5. In this instance. the electrical connections are the same as in'Fig. l. but the cup is made somewhatshallower so as to maintain the proper electrode .szpttlt'ttl tli. In still other instances, it may be desirable to employ concentric electrodes. These may be carried directly by the cup. as illustrated in Fig. 10. or by the diaphragm. as ill-u-'-- trated in Fig. 11. lll the c'onstrliclion o'l' Fig. 10. the cup 26" is secured to the diaphragm 16 by rivets 27. as before. and the stem 17 is secured to the diaphragm. as in Fig. 1, by a screw 15, udmse'head in thi case serves not as an electrode or electrode support. as in said figure; but as a shunt plate to the concentric electrodes 34-55. The head of the electrode overhangs a portion of the electrode 5-! which. together with the cup 26?. is perforated for the passagev of its shank. aml a nut 56 on the shanl sct'au'elv clamps the parts in position. The

cup 26" and the outer electrode 5% are in electrical engagement. while the interior electrode is insulated therefrom by the insnlation 57, which extends sligl'itly beyond the face of the electrodes 54 .and 55, as a barrier therebet ween. The outer electrode :34 may be electrically connected. throughthe cap it? and the diaphragm tt. to abindihg post as in Fig. 1. while the inner electrode 55 is connected to the other binding post by a flexible conductor. 58 extending through a suitable opening in the diaphragm. provided with a bushing 55). y 'hen the concentric electrodes are carried by the diaphragm as in Fig. 11, the electrodes 54- and 55 are preferably provided with concentric shanks which extend through an' opening in the diaphragm and are inst:- lated from each other and the,tliaphragn-i by suitable insulation ti0't31. the latter. asin the case of insulation 57. extending slightly beyond the face of the electrodes 5 t and' 'i. A sleeve (52 in electrical engagement with the shank of the outer electrode 54". and abutting against the outer face of the diaphragm 16 through the. interposed insulation 60, cot'i 'ierates with a nut GP). carried by the outer end of the shank of the electrode 5 5", to clamp the parts together.

l'lll granule chamber mounted thereon, coop- Any suitable electrical connections may he made with the electrodes M' M.

As alternative to the electrode construction of Fig. 1, the carbon disk 30, constituting the-front electrode, may be secured directly to a-disk 29 and the latter may be soldered in position in the cup 26, as illustrated in Fig. 8. It will be apparent that still other alterations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention 1, therefore, do not wish to be limited to the specificmatter illustrated and described, but aim to cover, by the terms of the appended claims, all such alterations and modifications.

F ro'm the above considerations, it. is thus clear that I have produced a transmitter in. which the resistance of the resistance varying medium between the electrodes is caused to vary not only as a result: of the piston-like action of the electrodes, but also by the agitation and vibrat-ion'of the resistance vary ing material as a whole. latter agitation, the inertia of the granules com rising the resistance varying material proc uces resistance changes which more perfectly reproduce the overtones, and especially the higer overtones, of impressed sound waves.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A telephone transmitter comprising a substantially plane sound receiving dia hragm fixed at its center, a granule chamer mounted thereon, cooperating electrodes Within said chamber, and a body of granular resistancevarying material between said electrodes.

"2. A telephone transmitter comprising a soundmeceiving diaphragm fixed at its center and having substantially the same resiliency throughout, a granule chamber mounted thereon, cooperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistance: varying material between saidelectrodes.

i 3. A.telephone transmitter comprisin a substantially plane sound receiving iaphra m fixed at its center and having substantla'lly the same resiliency throughout, a

erating electnodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistance-varyingmaterial between said electrodes.

- substantially plane sound receiving 4. A telephone transmitter comprisin' 'a 1a: shr'agm, a. cup secured to one side ofsaid iaphragm so as to form a granule chamber therewith, an electrode secured to the bottom of said cup and movable therewith, a'

cooperating electrode secured to said diaphragm and holding the latter immovable atits center, :and a body of granular resistance-va-rying materialbetween said electrodes;

By reason of this 5 souml-receiving diaphiagm fixed at its center, a cooperating granule chamber having the interior of its peripheral walls extending obliquely to the direction of movement of the diaphragm, cooperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistance-Varyi'ng material. between said electrodes.

(5. A telephone transmitter comprising a. soundareceiving diaphragm fixed at its center a cooperating granule chamber, cooperating electrodes located at opposite sides of said chamber and a body of granular resistancewarying material between said electrodes, said chamber having the interior of the walls adjacent to the outer edges of saidelectrodes inclined to the direction of movement of said electrodes.

7. A telephone transmitter comprising a sound-receiving diaphragm fixed at its center, a cup secured to one side of said diaphragm so as to form a granule chamber therewith and having the interior of its outer walls inclined to the plane of said diaphragm, an electrode secured to the bottom of said cup and movable therewith, a cooperating electrode secured to said diaphragm opposite its mate, and a body of granular resistance varying material be-' tween said electrodes.

8. A telephone transmitter comprising a supportingframe, a mouth-piece secured to the front of said frame, a substantially plane sound receiving 1 diaphragm opposlte the opening of said mout -piece, means for rigidly connecting the center of said dia hragm to said frame, a cup secured to the ii'ont of said diaphragm to -form a granule chamber therewith, cooperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistancevaryin-g material between said electrodes.

9. A telephone transmitter comprising a front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a substantially plane sound receiving d aphragm opposite the opening of said mouthsaid dia hragin to said bridge, a cup secured to the rent of said diaphragm to form a. granule chamber therewith, cooperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resist-ancesvarying material between said electrodes.-

10. A telephone transmitter comprising a frontplate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a, substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the opening of'said mouthpiece, a bridge at the rear of said diaphragm, means for rigidly connecting the center of of said diaphragm to said bridge, a on secured to the front of said dia J ragm to ibrm a granule chamber therewith, an eiectrode secured to the bottom of said cup and movable therewith, a fixed cooperating electrode,

and a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes.

11. front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the openingof said mouthpiece, a bridge at the rear of said diaphragm, means for rigidly connecting the center of said dia hragm to said bridge,-a cup secured to the rout of said diaphragm to form a granule chamber therewith, cooperating electrodes within said chamber, a body of granular resistance-varying material be tween said electrodes, and means for giving said diaphragm aninitial flexure.

12. A telephone transmitter comprising a front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a sltllbstantially pla fie f d l p ragm 0 osite t e openin 0 sai mout pieee,-a bridge at the rear of said-diaphragm, means for rigidly connecting the center of said dia hra m to said brid e, a on secured I}; a g P to the out of said diaphra'gm to form a granule chamber 5 therewith, coo crating electrodes within said chamber, a body of granular resistance-varying material between said. electrodes, and a spring arranged to against the rear of said diaphragm to glve it an initial flexure. '13." A tele hone transmitter comprising a Supporting rame, a'mouth-piece secured to the front of said frame, a substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the; -opening of said mouth-piece, means for rigidly connecting the'center of said diaphra into said frame, a cup having inclined Keri ieral walls secured to the front of said lap 1ra so as to form a granule chamber therewit cooperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistancevaryin material between said electrodes.

14. telephone transmittercomprising a front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a sound receiving diaphragm opposite the opening of said mouth-piece, a bridge at the rear 0 said diaphragm, means for rigidly the center of said diaphragm to said bridge, a cup havin inclined peripheral walls securedto the front of said diaphragm so as to form a granule chamber therewith, cooperatin electrodes within said chamber, and a ho y'of granular resistancc-varying material between said electrodes.

15. A telephone transmitter comprising a front-plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a sound; receiving diaphragm opposite the openin of said mouth-piece, abridge at the rear 0 said diaphragm, means for rigidly connectingthe center of said diaphragm to said bridge, a cup having inclined peripheral walls secured to the front of said diaphragm so as to form a -granule chamber therewith, an electrode secured to the bottom .of said cup A telephone transmitter'comprising a sound-receiving diaand movable therewith, a cooperating electrode secured to said diaphragm opposite its mate,.and a body of granular resistancevarying material between said electrodes.

16. A telephone transmitter comprising a front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a .70

sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the openin of said mouth-piece, a bridge at the rear 0 said diaphragm, means for rigidly,

front plate, amouth-pi'ece secured thereto, a

sound recelvmg diaphragm opposite the openin of said mouth-piece, a bridge at the rear 0 said diaphragm, means for rigidly connecting the center of said diaphragm to said bridge, a cup having inclined peripheral walls secured to the front of said diaphra so as to form a granule chamber therewith,

an electrode secured to the bottom of said cup. and movable therewith, 'a cooperating elec-- trode secured to said diaphragm opposite its 18. A telephone transmitter comprising a front plate, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a sound receiving diaphragm opposite the opening of said mouth-piece, a bridge at. the

'mate, a'body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes, and means for givlng said diaphragm an initial flexurerear of said diaphragm, means for'rigidly connecting the center of said diaphragm to said bridge, a cup having inclined eripheral walls secured to the front of said iaphragm so as to form a granule chamber therewith,

an electrode secured to the bottom of said cup and movable therewith, a cooperating electrode secured to said diaphragm opposite its 1nate,'a body of granular resistance-varying material" between said electrodes, and a spring engaging the rear of said diaphragm to give it an initial flexure.

19. A telephone transmitter'comprising a substantially plane diaphragm, a grenade chamber mounted thereon, cotiperating electrodes in said chamber, a stem secured to the center of saiddi'aphragm, a support for said stem, and means for immovably securing the stem in itssupport in different positions. r I

- 20. A telephone transmitter comprising a substantially plane sound-receiv diaphragm fixed at its center, a support aving a bearing face against which the periphery of said diaphragm is adapted to bear, means for adjustin the center of said diaphragm chamber'mounted on said diaphragm, co-

relative .to t e said bearing face, a granule I sa' chamber, and ab aneevaryingmaterial between said electrodes.

' adaptedto operating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes.

21. A telephonetransmitter comprising a 5 sound-receiving diaphragm fixed at its center and having substantially the same resiliency throughout, a support having a bearing face against which the periphery ofsaid diahragm is adapted to bear, means for adustiIig the center of said diaphra m relative to the said bearin face, a granu echam-- ber mounted on said 1a hragm, e06 rating electrodes within said c amber, an a body of granular resistance varying material bedia hragm, eoiperatigg7 electrodes within A telephone transmitter oomprisin a substantially plane sound-receiving (fia- "phragm,'a support having a bearin face inst which the periphery of said diap ragm' is adapted to bear, a cup secured to -one side of said diaphra so as to form a granule chambertherewith, an electrode secured to the bottom ofsaid cup and movable therewith a coiiperating electrode fixed to said diaphragm at its center, means for adjustingthe center'of said diaphr m relative to the said bearing surface, an a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes. v

24. A telephone transmitter comprising a sound-receivln diaphragm fixed at its center, a su port aviag a bearing face against which t e periphery of said diaphragm is )dapted to bear,- a cooperating granule chamber having the interior of its walls extendin obliquely to the direction of movement of t ediaphra m, means for adjusting the center 0 said diaphra m relative to the said bearing surface, an a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes.

25. A telephone transmitter comprising asound-receivm diaphragm fixedat its eenter, a support avmga bearing face against which t riphery of said diaphra is ar, a cofiperating granule c amber, cotiperating electrodes locatedat opposite sides of said chamber and a body of granular resistance-Va in material bev tween said electrodes and c amber having the interior of its walls adjacent to the outer upporting of granular resistrlpheral edges of said electrodes inclined to the direc-' tion of movement of said electrodes, and

means for adjusting the center of said diaphragm relative to the said bearing surface. 26. A telephone transmitter comprising a sound-receiving diaphragm -fixed at its center, a support iaving a bearing face against which the periphery of said diaphragm is adapted to bear, a .cup secured to one side of said diaphragm' so as to form a granule chamber therewith and having the interior of its outer walls inclined to the planeof said diaphragm, an electrode secured to the bottom of said cup and movable therewith,

a cotiperating electrode secured to said diahragm opposite its mate, a body of granuar resistance-varying. material between said electrodes, and means .for adjusting the center of said diaphragm relative to the said bearing surface.

27. A telephone transmitter comprising a frame,

s sai a substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the opening of said mouth-piece, means for'adj'ustably securin the center of said dia hra' rigidly f to sai frame and substantial y fixlng the periphery of said diaphragm, a cu secured to the front of said dia hragm to dim a granule chamber therewithmotiperating electrodes within said chamber, and a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes.

rame, a mouth-piece secured to 28. A tele hone transmitter comprising a supporting rame, a mouth-piece secured to sm frame, a substantially plane. sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the opening of said mouth-piece, means for rigidly connecting the center-of said diaphragm to said frame, a cup secured to said diaphragm to form a granule chamber therewith, cotiperating' electrodes within said chamber, and a body ofgranular resistance varying material between said electrodes.

29. A telephone transmitter comprising a supporting member, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm op osite the o' ening' of said necting the center of said dia hragm to said bridge, a cup secured to sai diaphragm to form a granule chamber therewith, coiipenating electrodes within said chamber, and a thereto, a substantially plane sound-receiving diaphragm opposite the o 'ening of said mouth-piece, a bri necting the center of said diaphra to said, bridge, a cup secured to one side 0 said diall'lOlliGh-PIGCG, a bri ge, means or rigidly conge, means or rigidly conphragm to form a. granule chamber therewith, an electrode secured to thebottom of said cup and movable therewith, a fixed e0- operatuigelectrode, and a bod of granular resistanee-varying material etween said electrodes. v

31. A telephone transmitter comprising a supporting member, a mouth-piece secured thereto, a substantially )lane sound-receiving diaphragm 0p osit-e he 0 )ening of said mouth-piece, a bri ge, means or rigldly eonnecting the center of said diaphragm to said bridge, a cup secured to one side of-said diaphragm to form a'igranule chamber there: with, cooperating electrodes Within said chamber, a body of granular resistance-varying material between said electrodes, and

means for giving said diaphragm an initial flexure. 32. A telephone transmitter comprising a l supporting member, a mouthpiece secured phragm to form a granule ehaniber therewith, cooperating eleeii odes within said chamber, a body of granular resistance-vary ing material between said elm-trodes and a spring arranged to press against said diaphragm to give it an initial flexure.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto suljiseribe my name this 13 day of March, 1906.

WVILLIAM KAISLING. \Vitnesses:

CAROLYN \VEBER, 'l. H. FERGUSON. 

